Silverado Ignition Switch Symptoms with Cause and Solution

While generally reliable, after many years and miles of service, some components can begin to show wear. One area that sometimes causes issues is the ignition switch. Starting with the 1999 model year, the Silverado was redesigned on the GMT800 platform, which includes light-duty trucks from 1999-2006. The next generation GMT900 platform spanned 2007-2013 models. These are some of the most common years affected by potential ignition switch problems.

Over time and with high mileage, normal wear and tear can take its toll on certain switch components. The ignition switch is located in a high-traffic area near the steering column and controls the all-important engine start function. While ignition switch failures are not extremely prevalent, understanding the symptoms can help point toward this potential culprit.

What is an Ignition Switch?

The ignition switch is a pivotal safety and security component located within easy reach of the driver. It controls five voltage switch positions that activate various vehicle electrical circuits and allow the engine to start. The typical generalized positions are:

• Off/Lock – All electrical circuits are off, and the steering wheel is locked.
• Accessory – Non-essential circuits like lights and radio are on.
• Run – All electrical circuits except for the starter are powered.
• Start – Engages the starter solenoid to crank the engine.
• Reset – Resets the switch from Start back to Run.

By toggling the key between these preset positions, the ignition switch then routes low-voltage current from the battery to activate different subsystems as needed. It acts as a gateway to enable or disable engine operation on demand in a safe manner.

05 Common Silverado Ignition Switch Symptoms

Now that we understand the ignition switch’s purpose, let’s review some telltale signs that one may be failing in a Silverado:

1. Engine Won’t Start – The most obvious symptom is the vehicle refusing to turn over despite turning the key.
2. Truck Stalls While Driving – A faulty switch can cause the engine to unexpectedly shut off, posing safety hazards.
3. Intermittent Problems – The truck may exhibit occasional starting issues or other anomalies that come and go.
4. Key Won’t Turn – The ignition cylinder may become jammed and prevent key rotation to desired positions.
5. Electrical Supply Issues – Lights, radio, and dash components could malfunction, indicating weak voltage delivery.

Each of these symptoms deserves closer examination but represents common outward signs that the ignition switch may need attention. Let’s explore the potential underlying causes and solutions for the top two most critical issues.

Engine Won’t Start

There’s nothing more frustrating than intending to drive somewhere but finding the engine refuses to turnover. While a failed ignition switch is a primary suspect, it’s best not to jump to conclusions. Other common causes that should be ruled out first include:

• Dead battery or poor electrical connection
• Faulty starter solenoid or starter motor
• Low fuel pressure or empty tank
• Parked for long periods or left unlocked

To properly diagnose, use a multimeter to check the battery and charging system for sufficient power. Inspect for aftermarket immobilizers, transponder issues, or recalls related to starting problems. Have codes pulled with a scan tool as the PCM/ECU could provide clues.

If electronically testing the ignition checks out, further focus on the switch itself. With the steering column exposed, inspect the key and lock the cylinder closely for damage or debris that may block proper contact. Wiggle connectors to see if intermittent faults occur. Replacement can resolve an engine that simply won’t turn out at all.

Truck Stalls While Driving

For obvious safety concerns, ignoring a vehicle that stalls without warning while operating should not be taken lightly. This typically indicates a more severe underlying issue has progressed. Beyond just inconveniencing the driver, stalling at highway speeds or in traffic puts all motorists at high risk of collision.

When stalling occurs, attempt to restart the engine right away using the key before it has a chance to shut off the secondary time. This can verify whether a true ignition fault is to blame versus a separate fueling or ignition module problem causing an apparent loss of spark/flow.

Using jumper cables, try to jump-start the stalled Silverado from another running vehicle if accessible. This will isolate whether it’s a weak starting/charging problem or potentially a mechanical fuel pump driving issue next. Towing may be required depending on safely diagnosing the root cause that day.

Continuing operation with an ignition switch leading to stalling introduces far greater hazards that aren’t worth permanently ignoring or delaying repair. Have a trusted mechanic thoroughly inspect the switch, ignition control modules, wiring harnesses, and all related components.

Engine Won’t Start

If the battery checks out healthy, the next steps involve testing the switch itself directly to verify electrical faults:

• Using a multimeter, set it to DC voltage and probe the battery-positive terminal to obtain a baseline reading under load. It should show over 12V.
• With the key in the run position, probe between the positive battery cable and the small wire running to the ignition switch. The voltage should match the battery.
• If low, switch probes to the power input side of the ignition switch. Any drops in voltage point to the switch as the culprit.
• With the key in the start, voltages at the switch should momentarily dip and then rise back up as the starter engages, so watch for dips rather than a complete loss of power.
• Gentle wiggle testing while probing can expose intermittent faults, which still require switch replacement.

Always take caution probing live circuits near airbags and moving components. If results point to the switch, removal and inspection for worn/damaged internal parts often confirm needing replacement. Ruling out other modules first avoids mistakes.

Truck Stalling Dangers

Driving requires full focus on the road. When stalling strikes without warning, it throws the entire system off balance within seconds. Even if the vehicle can be restarted, safety is heavily compromised:

• Steering/braking assist quits without engine power, increasing stopping distances.
• On highways, other vehicles may not see an instant stationary object blocking traffic flow.
• Stalls in intersections pose collision risks from multiple angles if restart fails.
• Towing a heavy trailer only heightens risks of instability and lack of control.

The less time spent disabled, the better. Parking immediately if repeat stalling occurs allows prioritizing a thorough diagnosis away from live traffic. Roadside assistance through auto clubs can provide towing and on-site repairs if needed.

Keep jumper cables accessible in case a restart is possible for relocating safely. But stalling typically means a serious diagnosis is warranted before further driving to avoid endangering occupants and others on the road. Ignition switch replacement may be the long-term repair indicated.

Intermittent Problems Diagnosis

Intermittent faults are among the toughest automotive issues to pin down due to their irregular unpredictable nature. When starter and ignition problems only occur occasionally, root cause diagnosis requires patience and ruling out all other potential culprits methodically:

• Thoroughly inspect the battery cables and connections, and clean corrosion buildup.
• Check for aftermarket devices which may conflict occasionally.
• Examine wiring harnesses for rubbing, loose connections, or damaged insulation.
• Test switch, ignition coils, and fuel injectors if no other modules have fault codes.
• Clean or replace the mass airflow sensor that sees surge issues.

The diagnostic approach differs in monitoring for faults over several drive cycles versus immediate duplicated re-creation. A scan tool may log intermittent fault codes. Mechanical inspection coupled with voltage checks while issues happen aids in pinpointing the specific component leading to inconsistent symptoms. Replacing suspicious parts can solve intermittent gremlins.

Key Won’t Turn

A key that suddenly binds up or refuses to rotate out of the ignition slot strongly implies wear/damage within the lock cylinder itself or how it interfaces with the ignition switch. Some immediate things to check include:

• Inspecting the key for excessive wear flats which no longer mate with lock tumblers properly.
• Manually moving the lock cylinder by thumb if the key cannot – binding means it needs lubrication/repair.
• Make sure the immunity device if present is not stuck in the “learned” position.
• Gauge whether the issue happens in all key positions or is temperature/weather related.
• Examine the lock cylinder clamping bolts for proper torque-avoiding binding.

If the key itself is worn, replacement may solve binding. Lack of lubrication within the cylinder lock mechanics commonly causes rotational stiffness over time as well. The ignition switch may need replacing to access the lock cylinder for repair/cleaning depending on the design.

Electrical Supply Issues

Whenever lights, dash components, radios, or other accessory circuits seem weak, intermittent or fail to operate – pay attention. Low battery voltage symptoms could point to loose connections, but inconsistent electrical problems often involve the ignition switch supplying inconsistent current.

Possible culprits to focus on diagnosing include:

• Corroded terminals or wiring pass through the steering column.
• Cracked or damaged switch casing allowing moisture intrusion.
• Worn internal spring contacts oxidized from heat cycling.
• Recall issues on the specific vehicle year/make.
• Aftermarket remote starters or security devices interfering.

Use a multimeter to carefully probe the switch’s power circuits for steady versus intermittent drops or loss of voltage in different key positions. Cleaning, replacing damaged wiring, and inspection for shorts can remedy electrical glitches – with the switch itself typically the root of inconsistent power delivery over the long run.

What Causes an Ignition Switch to Fail?

While ignition switches provide years of reliable service, several factors can accelerate wear and eventual breakdown:

• Excessive key insertions – Repeatedly locking/unlocking puts mechanical stress on components.
• Hard or worn keys – Keys transmitting more force than designed can damage tumblers.
• Weather/temperature exposure – Heat cycling causes metal fatigue, and freezing causes internal corrosion.
• Lack of lubrication – Lock cylinders especially need periodic lubricant reapplication.
• Manufacturing defects – Some early switches had design or material flaws found via recalls.
• Overloading circuits – Heavy aftermarket electronics can strain switch electrical capacity.
• Ordinary wear over time – Constant use degrades plastics, and springs lose conductivity.

While the ignition switch itself has no scheduled maintenance, periodically inspecting for worn keys, lock lube needs and general condition aids in catching problems before a critical failure occurs. Replacement every 10-15 years is generally recommended for high-use vehicles.

Testing the Ignition Switch

To properly diagnose a switch suspected of failure, perform voltage drop testing at the switch itself rather than concluding based on symptoms alone. Basic multimeter skills are required:

1. Set the meter to DC volts and choose an appropriate voltage range like 20V.
2. Remove the ignition switch housing for direct access to the back terminal wiring pins/plugs.
3. Attach the positive (red) lead to B+ power such as the positive battery cable terminal.
4. Attach the negative (black) lead to the ignition switch power/trigger input pins with the key in the RUN position.
5. The reading should closely match the battery voltage under load, such as 12.6V. Anything under 12V points to high resistance.
6. Repeat steps 3-5 switching the negative lead to different switch circuits/positions while monitoring voltage.
7. Too much voltage drop (>0.5V) indicates the switch is degraded internally and needs replacement.

Proper tools along with wiring schematic access aid safe switch disconnection/ probing live circuits. Always avoid touching exposed components while contacting test leads. Diagnosing is key before trusting symptoms alone.

Ignition Switch Location

For testing or replacement accessibility, it helps to know the ignition switch’s typical installation location on different Silverado body styles. On most, it sits within the steering column close to the steering wheel:

• 1999-2007 C/K Series – Centered low below dash, easily removable trim piece covers.
• 2007.5-2014 LBZ/LMM – Behind trim bezel ring below the wheel, held by Torx bolts.
• 2014.5-2019 P Series – Wrapped under the plastic shroud, visible bolts removed column.

The steering wheel and surrounding trim pieces must generally detach to gain switch housing access. Airbag sensors mean disconnection procedures vary by specific vehicle – refer closely to factory service manuals for safety. With wiring identification and some mechanical skills, switch work remains doable for the average hobby mechanic.

Common Replacement Parts

When replacing an ignition switch, always opt for Original Equipment (OE) or high-quality certified components:

• Ignition Switch – Genuine GM or AC Delco part for plug-and-play fit. $150-250 range.
• Ignition Lock Cylinder – If cylinder binding caused switch failure. $90-150.
• Key and Transponder – Cut by VIN for immobilizer compatibility. $60-100 per key.
• Wiring Harness – Obtain the whole module harness if switch wires are damaged. $150-300.
• Replacement Tools – Torx bits, and trim removal tools to aid disassembly/installation. $30-50.

Stick with factory-recommended brands as aftermarket switches vary in electrical ratings/longevity. Programming new transponder keys requires diagnostic equipment dealers have. Labor for installation comes out to 1-2 hours depending on experience.

Professional Diagnosis

While do-it-yourself repairs save money, ignition, and electrical faults require careful testing methods an average driver may lack. Professional diagnostic services offer important benefits:

• Factory-calibrated scan tools – Detect exact codes and live data parameters.
• Years of experience – Mechanics know common issues and where to inspect thoroughly.
• Specialty equipment – Can perform specialized ignition/fuel system tests.
• Liability – Certified techs back their work if issues remain afterward.
• Unbiased assessment – Will identify root cause impartially without fixed assumptions.
• Warranty coverage – Dealer diagnosis qualifies repairs for powertrain warranty extensions.

Self-diagnosis risks overlooking details costing more money to fix later. A good indie shop charges fair diagnosis rates applying specialized knowledge. Let the pros inspect first before spending on parts that may not solve the real problem. Transparency aids in making informed repair decisions.

Replacing the Ignition Switch

With the diagnosis completed and the need for a new switch confirmed, properly replacing it requires care due to airbag proximity:

1. Disconnect the negative battery terminal and wait at least 1 minute before working.
2. Remove plastic covers and disconnect any wiring harness plugs from the old switch.
3. Using a T-30 Torx or bolt extractor set, undo retaining bolts/clips holding the switch in place.
4. Gently wiggle the switch free from the steering column taking care not to pull/stress the wiring.
5. Inspect columns for wear/damage that may have contributed to early switch failure.
6. Install new switch fitting wiring plugs into position first before final tightening bolts.
7. Reconnect the negative battery terminal and perform initial power-on tests before reassembly.
8. Refasten trim pieces neatly while double-checking electrical connections.

Proceed slowly, don’t force components, and re-torquing bolts properly is key. Airbag lights may need to be addressed afterward with a diagnostic tool as a precaution.

Cost of Ignition Switch Replacement

A typical ignition switch replacement job on a Silverado including diagnosis and parts involves the following estimated expenses:

• Ignition Switch – $150-250
• Lock Cylinder (if needed) – $90-150
• Key/Transponder – $60-100
• Diagnosis Fee – $80-120 (1 hour)
• Installation Labor – $80-120 (1-2 hours)
• Total Cost – $250-300 (through dealer)
  • $180-210 for parts
  • $80-90 for labor

DIY saves the labor cost but proper training and tools are required to safely complete electrical work near airbags. Warranty coverage may apply if problems occur early in ownership. With wear being the main failure cause, switches eventually need proactive replacement like any drivetrain component.

Starting with a Bad Switch

In an emergency breakdown situation before repair can be made, it’s possible to start the engine short-term by hotwiring around a defective ignition switch with some risks:

• Connect the positive jumper cable directly to the starter solenoid stud.
• Connect negative cable to good engine ground point.
• Cautiously touch the solenoid terminal with a wrench to crank.
• Have the assistant apply brakes and be ready to shut off if it starts.
• Don’t leave the unattended engine running without a driver present.

Hotwiring bypasses all safety features and can easily cause electrical/fire hazards if mishandled. It’s only recommended long enough to relocate the vehicle until proper diagnosis and switch replacement can be scheduled. Overreliance introduces new potential component damage issues.

Key Positions Defined (continued)

To recap the five standard ignition switch positions more specifically:

• Off/Lock – Steering locked, all circuits off for security when parked.
• Accessory – Non-essential 12V circuits like interior lights and radio energized.
• Run – The fuel pump, injection, and most accessories receive power but the starter stays disengaged.
• Start – engages the starter solenoid, which uses high-amperage current from the battery to crank the engine.
• Reset – Spring-loaded position automatically engaged between Start and Run to reset starter functions before the next attempt.

Understanding these positions helps grasp how the switch routes voltage for safety in enabling/disabling engine operation on demand. Worn switches may confuse or fail to properly sequence between the preset contacts.

Truck Stalling Dangers (continued)

A few final notes on vehicle stalling dangers to avoid:

• Pull off the road completely if stalling occurs so as to not obstruct traffic flow.
• Use 4-way flashers or road flares to warn following vehicles if restart fails.
• Only attempt hot-wiring in emergencies, with transmission in Park and brake fully applied.
• Don’t continue operating the vehicle if stalling persists – tow it for repairs instead.
• Carry basic hand tools, jumper cables, and flares in case of breakdown needing roadside assistance.
• Consider an extended warranty or roadside plan through your insurance provider for towing coverage.

Sudden stalling poses risks to occupants from loss of control as well as to other drivers not expecting a stalled vehicle. Roadside safety should take top priority over further risking operation until the root cause is properly diagnosed and fixed.

Engine Won’t Start

Beyond component testing mentioned earlier, a few final evaluations when the engine refuses to crank include:

• Make sure the truck is in Park or Neutral with the emergency brake set if an automatic.
• Check for aftermarket remote start/alarm or anti-theft devices that may interfere.
• Feel for audible “clicks” from the starter relay or solenoid being triggered.
• Listen near the starter motor for whining which would point to a starter problem next.
• Gently rocking the vehicle back/forth can sometimes loosen an intermittent “no start” issue temporarily.
• Consult factory service manuals for specific vehicle starting system electrical diagrams as a guide.

If all common causes are ruled out, the ignition switch deserves closer scrutiny for failing to properly trigger the starter solenoid. Replacement often solves long-term no-crank complaints.

Ignition Switch Testing Procedure

Here are the specific multimeter testing steps to properly diagnose a potential ignition switch fault:

1. Set the meter to DC volts with at minimum a 20V scale range.
2. Connect positive lead to positive battery terminal as a reference voltage source.
3. With the key in the OFF position, connect the negative lead to the power pin of the ignition switch. Note voltage.
4. Turn the key to RUN, and note any voltage drop from position 1 reading. More than 0.5V drop suggests switch degradation.
5. Repeat step 3 by probing each separate switch circuit pin individually for drops in the RUN position.
6. Turn the key to START momentarily, observe the starter trigger solenoid dip in voltage then return.
7. Gently wiggle harness plugs and switch housing while monitoring for fluctuations.
8. Document all readings and mark switch pin-out locations being tested.
9. Compare readings taken to factory switch voltage specifications.

Careful mechanical and electrical evaluation helps properly diagnose switch issues from symptoms alone. Proper diagnosis prevents incorrect parts replacement assumptions.

FAQs About Silverado Ignition Switches

Here are some common frequently asked questions about ignition switch problems:

Q: Can you drive with a faulty switch or should it be repaired immediately?
A: Steering or stalling risks make continued driving inadvisable until repair. Have it inspected by a pro?

Q: Do ignition switches ever need preventative replacement?
A: High-use vehicles may benefit from switch servicing every 10-15 years as a worn item before failure occurs.

Q: How can you tell if a switch, lock cylinder, or key is bad?
A: Test for voltage drops. Binding, intermittent issues, or unable to start to point the culprit out. Pro-diagnosis helps.

Q: What are some signs of a worn key transmitting too much force?
A: Keys with flat spots no longer mate properly with tumblers inside lock cylinders.

Q: How long does an ignition switch replacement take?
A: Expect 1-2 hours for repair once diagnosis identifies the switch as faulty. Labor varies by mechanic.

Q: Can you replace just the lock cylinder without the whole switch?
A: Sometimes yes if only the cylinder is bad, but the design depends on the model – inspection needed.

Q: What warranty may cover an ignition switch replacement?
A: Check original 5yr/100k powertrain warranty details, or any extended service contracts.

Q: When should you consider a professional diagnosis over DIY?
A: Electrical faults near airbags require proper training, tools, and liability concerns.

Hope this overview helped explain the ignition switch function, potential issues, testing, and repair procedures. Let a trained technician inspect first if symptoms arise. Regular key and lock cylinder inspection helps avoid more expensive repairs down the road.

Silverado Ignition Switch Statistics

Here are some interesting statistics related to Silverado ignition switches:

• Failure rates increase substantially after 150,000 miles of use on high-mileage trucks.
• The most common causes of switch failure are cited as general wear (40%), defective key wear (30%), and manufacturer defects (20%).
• Over 10% of 1999-2007 Silverados show documented ignition switch recalls or technical service bulletins issued.
• Stalling or no-start complaints affect nearly 1 in 5 older Silverados by 200,000 miles according to repair surveys.
• Intermittent starting problems linked to switches are reported in 3-5% of cases annually.
• The average ignition switch replacement job costs between $250-350 parts and labor through a licensed mechanic.
• Nearly 75% of switch faults can be successfully diagnosed with basic multimeter voltage drop testing skills.
• Proper diagnosis prevents unnecessary replacement of other components like batteries 20% of the time.

Understanding typical failure trends can help owners proactively maintain switches and catch early signs of wear. Professional diagnosis is usually needed to accurately troubleshoot problems.

Ignition Switch Maintenance Tips

To help keep an ignition switch functioning well for the long haul, consider these basic maintenance tips:

• Inspect keys for wear and cut new ones as needed for a tight fit in the lock cylinder every 5 years.
• Apply powdered graphite or lithium grease lubricant to the lock cylinder at every oil change interval.
• Check wiring and electrical connections periodically for corrosion, leaks, or chafing issues.
• Avoid excessive adjunct remote starter/security devices that introduce additional electrical loads.
• Use original equipment or high-quality replacement parts for repairs rather than bargain components.
• Have switches serviced or replaced preventatively every 10-15 years or 150,000 miles on high-use vehicles.
• Don’t continue driving if intermittent or stalling problems occur until a diagnosis verifies switch problems.

With moderate care, even high-mileage ignition switches can avoid premature failure. Periodic inspection helps troubleshoot issues early before stranding occurs.

Duramax Thermostat Symptoms

The Duramax diesel engine used in many Silverado models relies on a coolant thermostat to help regulate temperature. Here are some typical failed thermostat symptoms to watch for:

• No heat from heater vents despite running the engine (stuck open thermostat).
• Overheating engine temperature gauge readings (stuck closed thermostat).
• Head gasket failure from overheating at higher miles.
• Lack of coolant flow noise symptoms and cold vehicle.
• Blue or white exhaust smoke possibly from excess coolant entering combustion.
• Low coolant and reservoir levels from leaks developed over time.
• Hesitation, rough idle, or stalling from overheating protection kicking in.

Pay close attention to any abnormal temperature gauge movement or heater performance changes that could point to a worn thermostat requiring replacement soon. Catching issues early prevents costly repairs down the line.

Related Silverado System: Transmission

While this article focused primarily on ignition systems, it’s worth noting the important relationship between ignition operation and transmission as well:

• Stalling typically causes transmission damage by stripping fluid pressure.
• Hot restarting a stalled truck in gear risks premature clutch wear.
• Some transmissions rely on ignition switch triggers to engage solenoids.
• Low voltage can disrupt transmission computer shifting calibrations.
• Intermittent switch faults may trigger transmission error codes.
• Remote start devices may alter shift point calibrations if not regulated.
• Towing heavy loads makes ignition/transmission integrity even more critical.

Therefore, investigating potential ignition faults should also cross-reference for transmission issues too. A mechanic can diagnose driveline-wide problems for a full repair scope.

Roadside Assistance Plans

Vehicle breakdowns inevitably happen at inconvenient times, so roadside assistance plans offer peace of mind coverage for towing, on-site repairs, and more:

• Provides 24/7 dispatch for tire changes, fuel delivery, lockouts, and jump starts.
• Flatbed towing up to 75 miles is included with most basic plans.
• On-site mechanics dispatched for repairs avoid waiting for a tow.
• Most major insurers/auto clubs offer plans from $50-150 annually.
• Premium covers additional services like rental car reimbursement.
• Towing coverages commonly 3 uses annually up to 100 miles each.
• Plans transfer between vehicles and are shareable with family members.

Consider signing up, especially for higher mileage trucks. Even one or two uses easily offset the annual membership costs in potential towing/service expenses paid out of pocket otherwise during breakdowns.

Vehicle History Reports

Researching a used vehicle’s past through services like Carfax can provide valuable insight into previous problems, maintenance habits, and overall condition:

• Prior accidents, hail damage, and fire/flood events are not obviously visible.
• Service/repairs history from independent shop work not reported to manufacturers.
• Recalls addressed tell if safety issues were taken care of properly.
• High mileage but consistent service intervals inspire more confidence.
• Lemon Law vehicle buybacks raise red flags to scrutinize further.
• Single-owner vehicles typically fare better than multiple-owner histories.

While not completely comprehensive, paid vehicle history reports help gain an objective perspective on general “health” and predict remaining reliability potential before purchase.

Duramax CP3 Pump Symptoms

The CP3 high-pressure fuel pump on 6.6L Duramax diesel has a reputation for premature failure. Watch for:

• Loud diesel ticking sound at higher RPMs from faulty pump bearings.
• Low power, rough idle, or stalling due to insufficient fuel delivery pressure.
• Fuel leaks at pump outlet flange or filter housing area.
• Hesitation under heavy loads like towing or uphill driving.
• Error codes involving fuel pressure control.
• Black or blueish exhaust smoke when problems worsen significantly.

Replacing CP3 pumps periodically is often recommended, especially for higher mileage trucks. Listen for telltale pump-bearing noises that suggest an upcoming failure.

ECU/PCM Connection

Nearly every vehicle system ties back into the engine control module (ECM) or powertrain control module (PCM) which regulates fuel/spark based on sensors. Therefore:

• Intermittent switch faults may confuse the ECM with false data.
• Loss of ignition switch communication stops fuel/spark delivery.
• Aftermarket modules without calibrations can clash.
• Damaged wiring severs computer communication lines.
• ECM updates sometimes address vehicle-specific switch issues.

Consider expanding the diagnosis around the ignition switch to include PCM inspection if symptoms seem mismatched or inconsistent. Their close integration means joint evaluation aids in solving complicated drivability gremlins.

Steering Column Disassembly

Accessing the ignition switch requires removing portions of the steering column for many GM vehicles. Here are some general tips:

• Locate and note snap clips, screws, and bolts holding covers/shrouds in place.
• Disconnect the negative battery terminal before servicing live electrical parts.
• Twist plastic tabs or pry gently with small screwdrivers to detach snap retainers.
• Mark wiring harness plug locations with masking tape to avoid incorrect reassembly.
• Support column weight as covers release to prevent wiring damage.
• Inspect rubber boots, joints, and bushing condition while the trim is off the vehicle.
• Reinstall all components in reverse order, torquing fasteners to spec.
• Align the steering wheel properly and ensure the airbag sensors reset correctly.

Patience and care aid safe ignition switch access without further component damage in the process.

Ignition Switch Sourcing

When the time comes to purchase a replacement ignition switch, sources to consider include:

• Dealership Parts Department: Fits best but is the most expensive option.
• Online GM Parts Websites: More affordable but still original manufacturer parts.
• Salvage Yards: May find used switches cheaper but quality varies.
• Auto Parts Stores: Brand names like AC Delco generally provide quality replacements.
• Aftermarket Suppliers: The inexpensive option requires research to ensure 12V ratings.

For critical safety components, sticking with the GM or AC Delco brand ensures the same specifications, and ignition calibration designs and avoids potential problems down the line from unreliable aftermarket switches.

Scanner Limitations

While diagnostic scan tools prove very useful, they also have limitations DIYers need awareness of such as:

• Cannot directly test switch electrical functions, only what’s reported to ECM.
• Live data may not detect intermittent gremlins not active during brief scans.
• Generic codes don’t provide specific mechanics learned from experience.
• Symptoms like stalling may not set a code if the problem is not repeatable.
• May not detect mechanical switch faults only electrical diagnostics see.
• Testing specialty circuits like immobilizer functions requires pro-level tools.

Relying solely on scan data without functional testing, inspection, and wiring schematic understanding can wrongly overlook root causes. Correlate all diagnostic methods.

Multimeter Functions

Proper diagnosis depends greatly on understanding basic multimeter capabilities like:

• DC Voltage (DCV) – Measures steady voltages like battery/switch power supply.
• Resistance (Ω) – Checks continuity, and ohms values for integrated circuits.
• Diode Test – Evaluates semiconductor junctions like ignition diodes.
• AC Voltage (ACV) – Optional ignition waveform pattern analysis at coil.
• Millivoltage (mV) – Finely resolves small voltage drops important to switches.
• Relative % Resistance – Compares values against baseline for changes.
• Input Impedance – Test lead resistance impacts accuracy, keep above 1 Megohm.

Learn your meter’s functions, and settings and practice basic automotive circuit testing techniques to maximize diagnostic abilities.

Professional Referrals

For diagnoses or repairs beyond a DIYer’s comfort level, finding a trustworthy independent repair shop requires some footwork:

• Ask family/friends for shop referral experiences they’ve had.
• Check local automotive/truck forums for mechanic recommendations.
• Search online reviews sites like Google Maps, and Yelp for specific businesses.
• Call shops asking for diagnostic/labor rates upfront to compare.
• Inspect the facility for professional tools, and staff certifications on display.
• Consider ASE certification, and manufacturer training as qualifications.
• Check for loaner car policies during extended repairs when possible.

Word of mouth and transparent shops tend to provide the best overall service quality and accountability. Due diligence pays off in finding the right professional.

Recalls and TSBs

Technical Service Bulletins detail common issues reported to automakers without a recall, while recalls address safety defects. Check NHTSA databases by VIN for unresolved issues:

• Ignition switch recalls plagued many older GM vehicles.
• Bad BCM modules caused intermittent no-start conditions.
• Fuel pump driver modules required reprogramming.
• Shielding improved radio noise interference complaints.
• Cracked ignition lock cylinders developed with age.
• Immobilizer programming addressed faulty key recognition.

If recent symptoms match pre-existing recalls/TSBs, take the opportunity to have repairs properly addressed free of additional diagnosis fees.

Climate Impacts

Weather extremes present challenges ignition switches must endure:

• Winter freezing causes moisture entry leading to internal corrosion over time.
• Thaw-freeze cycles crack switch casings and break soldered connections.
• The heat from the engine bay accelerates plastic component breakdown.
• Baking sunrays degrade key integrity faster in southern states.
• Humidity promotes surface rusting of terminals/circuit boards.

Most switches hold up well but accelerated wear should be expected in harsh environments. Keeping connectors/terminals clean helps prevent premature faults.

OBD-II Codes

While a no-start condition may not always set a diagnostic trouble code, understanding common ignition-related OBD-II codes can provide clues:

P0351-P0353: Ignition coil primary/secondary circuit malfunctions

P0340: Cam/crank sensor correlation issues caused by low voltage

P0335: Crankshaft position sensor signal irregular

P1312-P1316: Immobilizer programming or transponder errors

P0336: Crankshaft position timing malfunction

P0341-P0344: Ignition coil circuit faults

P0300-P0304: Misfire detected cylinders 1-4, 7-8

Have codes pulled to cross-reference against symptoms for overall diagnostic insight versus isolated parts replacement attempts.